Motorcycle Conspicuity and the Effect of Fleet DRL: Analysis of Two-Vehicle Fatal Crashes in Canada and the United States 2001-2007

Traffic Safety Administration, in the interest of information exchange. The opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Department of Transportation or the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. If trade names, manufacturers' names, or specific products are mentioned, it is because they are considered essential to the object of the publication and should not be construed as an endorsement. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. This study involved testing the Fleet DRL Hypothesis that widespread use of daytime running lights (DRL) among the motor vehicle fleet is associated with an increased risk for certain types of multi-vehicle motorcycle crashes. This hypothesis is based on the assumption that the conspicuity of motorcycles (which normally run with their headlamp illuminated all the time) is effectively reduced during the daytime when a high proportion of other vehicles have DRL illuminated. To test the hypothesis, crash data from Canada where DRL use was mandatory were compared to crash data from 24 northern United States where DRL use was not mandatory and fleet penetration of DRL was modest. Crash data from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) for the period of 2001 – 2007 were compared to fatal crash data from the Canadian National Collision Data Base (NCDB) for the same years. Crash scenarios that were plausibly relevant to frontal conspicuity of the involved vehicles were defined as DRL-relevant. The proportion of DRL-relevant crashes was modeled by country, year, and whether the crash involved a motorcycle. We fit separate models for crash data that occurred in four groups defined by time of day (Day, Night) and location (Rural, Urban) of the crash. The results supported seven of ten predictions indicating that the Fleet DRL Hypothesis may be true for urban roadways (but may not true for rural roadways). These results support the Fleet DRL Hypothesis for urban roadways, that widespread use of DRL in the vehicle fleet increases the relative crash risk for certain types of motorcycles crashes. This conclusion should be interpreted cautiously in light of the limitations of the analysis approach. Executive Summary The annual number of motorcycle rider fatalities in the United States has more than doubled Many multi-vehicle motorcycle crashes involve right-of-way violations where another vehicle turns in front of, or crosses the …